What Are Glial Cells? Glial cells are the brain’s behind-the-scenes heroes. While neurons send signals and store memories, glial cells keep the whole system safe, nourished, organized, and repair-ready. When trauma overwhelms the nervous system, glial cells jump into action—cleaning up, reducing inflammation, protecting vulnerable structures, and helping the brain rewire itself toward safety. There are several types of glial cells, but the major ones involved in trauma heali